Failing our women, failing our GDP

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Indian women are finding it hard to rise and shine. Our economy suffers.

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Failing our women, failing our GDP


After 70 years of being a republic with guaranteed fundamental rights, today’s India exhibits a clear trait : Violence against women → fear in women’s minds → lack of empowerment → poor economic participation. It is not new. Indian society, at least from medieval times onwards, had a poor record on women’s rights. Two types of violence against women – domestic (withing the four walls) and in public spaces. There are not only social costs to be paid – we become a dangerous society, an unequal place. There are huge economic and productivity costs associated. It is not just a social phenomenon. All politicians in India, post 1991, have focussed on GDP maximisation (and Demographic Dividend!) How can our GDP output be maximised if around 48% of our population is supressed visibly and invisibly? NSSO reports [Check Bodhi Resources page] clearly indicate horrifyingly low women participation in economy. Among developing nations, India has one of the “lowest” women participation rates: 30 rural, 16% urban. As India is supposedly growing, the rate of rural women participation is “falling” and not rising!

All this is not only shocking, it is a telling comment on what India has become today. Add to this the unpaid domestic work women do in household – not counted in GDP! Important learning – Our official economy (productivity) numbers are grossly overstated as only “formal” workers are counted (in both formal and informal sectors) – overlooking these unpaid women. So India is making huge claims of progress, and realising little out of it. What is the system doing?

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हमारी महिलाओं को असफल कर हम जीडीपी को असफल कर रहे हैं


सुनिश्चित मौलिक अधिकारों के साथ एक गणतंत्र के रूप में 70 वर्षों के बाद भी आज का भारत एक स्पष्ट विशेषता दर्शाता है - महिलाओं के विरुद्ध हिंसा → महिलाओं के मन में भय → सशक्तिकरण का अभाव → अत्यल्प आर्थिक भागीदारी। यह नया नहीं है। भारतीय समाज, कम से कम मध्ययुगीन काल से, का महिला अधिकारों पर रिकॉर्ड काफी खराब रहा है। महिलाओं के विरुद्ध दो प्रकार की हिंसा - घरेलू (घर की चारदीवारी के भीतर) और सार्वजनिक स्थलों पर। इसकी केवल सामाजिक कीमत ही नहीं चुकानी पड़ती - हम एक खतरनाक समाज और एक असमान स्थान बन जाते हैं। इससे संबंधित भारी आर्थिक और उत्पादकता मूल्य भी हैं। यह एक सामाजिक घटना नहीं है। वर्ष 1991 के बाद भारत के सभी राजनेताओं ने जीडीपी को अधिकतम करने (और जनसांख्यिकीय लाभांश) पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया हैपरंतु यदि हमारी लगभग 48 प्रत्तिशत जनसंख्या का दृश्य रूप से या अदृश्य रूप से दमन किया जाता है तो हमारा जीडीपी उत्पादन अधिकतम कैसे हो सकता है? एनएसएसओ की रिपोर्ट्स [बोधि संसाधन पृष्ठ देखें] अर्थव्यवस्था में महिलाओं की भयानक रूप से कम भागीदारी को स्पष्ट रूप से दर्शाती हैं। विकासशील देशों में भारत की महिला भागीदारी की दर “न्यूनतम” में से एक हैः 30 ग्रामीण, 16 प्रतिशत, शहरी। जैसा कि माना जा रहा है कि भारत कथित रूप से वृद्धि कर रहा है, महिलाओं की भागीदारी “घेट रही” है, न कि बढ़ रही है!

यह सब कुछ केवल शर्मनाक ही नहीं है यह इस बात पर एक स्पष्ट टिप्पणी है कि आज भारत कैसा हो गया है। इसमें इस बात को भी जोड़ लें कि महिलाऐं परिवार में कितना घरेलू काम करती हैं - जिसकी जीडीपी में गिनती नहीं होती! महत्वपूर्ण सीख - हमारे आधिकारिक अर्थव्यवस्था (उत्पादकता) के आंकडे भारी मात्रा में अतिरंजित हैं क्योंकि इनमें केवल “औपचारिक” श्रमिकों (कर्मचारियों) की ही गणना होती है (औपचारिक और अनौपचारिक, दोनों क्षेत्रों में) - जिसमें इन अवैतनिक महिलाओं को नजरंदाज किया जाता है।  अतः, भारत प्रगति के विशाल दावे कर रहा है, जबकि उसे इससे काफी कम प्राप्ति हो रही है। व्यवस्था आखिर क्या कर रही है?


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Bodhi Saar: Failing our women, failing our GDP
Failing our women, failing our GDP
Indian women are finding it hard to rise and shine. Our economy suffers.
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